The End of the Closed-Source Era Is at Hand: Obscurity Was Never Security
Bitcoin Magazine
The End of the Closed-Source Era Is at Hand: Obscurity Was Never Security
Over the last few days, people who were trying to do everything right lost their Bitcoin. They bought a respected hardware signer, generated a seed offline using that device, and trusted the device to do the one thing a signer exists to do: produce a number no one else can guess. The Coldcard did not. A preprocessor guard that checked the wrong thing had quietly routed seed generation to a weak software PRNG (pseudorandom number generator), MicroPython’s Yasmarang, instead of the hardware entropy source. On some models the effective entropy collapsed to around 40 bits. The flaw shipped in March 2021 and sat in publicly readable firmware for more than five years. Attackers swept 500 addresses before anyone understood why; within days Galaxy Research’s tally reached 4,585 addresses and nearly $90 million; the attack is ongoing as of the date of this article.
Coinkite’s working assumption, with wide agreement on X, is that someone used AI to comb the publicly available firmware to find the bug. Whether or not that’s how this attacker found it, the next one will. While an AI-assisted audit was run weeks before the theft, it found nothing (potentially due to the capabilities of the model, potentially due to the specific construction of the search). Since the attack started, researchers have shown several frontier models locating the same flaw in minutes from a single prompt. The code sat open to human review for five years and no human caught it.
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